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Who really owns the land in South Africa—and how far back should history go when answering that question?
This video examines the complicated history of South African land ownership, from the earliest farming communities and the arrival of Nguni- and Sotho-Tswana-speaking peoples to Khoi-Khoi and San land use, European settlement, the frontier wars, the rise of the Zulu Kingdom, the Mfecane and the 1913 Natives Land Act.
Rather than accepting the simple political slogan of “give back the land,” we explore how migration, conquest, treaties, competing systems of property ownership and conflicts between African kingdoms and European settlers repeatedly changed control of territory.
The video also considers Julius Malema and the EFF’s claims about stolen land, the frequently cited 87% versus 7% land division, British Crown land and the difficult question at the centre of South Africa’s land debate: which land must be returned, to whom, and from what point in history?
South African history is neither simple nor morally one-sided. Understanding the land question requires confronting conquest, displacement and atrocities committed across centuries by numerous competing peoples and governments.
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